INFLUENCE OF STRESS ON BLOOD PRESSURE, HEART RATE, LEVELS OF SALIVARY AMYLASE AND SKIN TEMPERATURE

Sylvie Indah Kartika Sari

Abstract


Productivity is the key to improved standard of living of a Country. Productivity growth represents the key to economic success. In this perspective we could increase productivity, one through human resources productivity that represents a potential contained within each human being. From understanding of human resources, then human health is one factor that important to support good human resources. And stress is one of human health problems that can be classified as dangerous phenomenon that leads to deterioration of people’s total functioning The physiological stressors activate two stress response systems; the HPA axis (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal) and SAM sympatho-adrenal-medullary axis. SAM activates two regulatory systems, i.e. systems hormones norepinephrine and direct system sympathetic innervations. Both affect increased secretion of salivary amylase. Increased levels of norepinephrine associated with the increased of blood pressure, heart rate, and skin temperature. In this research we use blood pressure, heart rate, skin temperature and salivary amylase because the four physiological factors can be measured by non-invasive way and without requiring special skills. Ten people volunteered to participate in this study. All study participants were healthy adults and aged between 23 until 35 years old. All of them are not smoker. The subject consisted by five males and five females. All of them will measured their blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), salivary amylase, and skin temperature. Further, the experiment data will analyzed using statistical analysis – Ordinal Logistic Regression to know the influence of stress on physiological factors. Two physiological factors namely amylase and heart rate that affected by stress. For blood pressure and skin temperature revealed no effect. No effect in this case based solely on the statement of the hypothesis only. Indeed for the results of the effect of stress on blood pressure and skin temperature result still not clear. Due to it can be both factors at the time of acute stress response. While this study only used to determine the effect of stress on physiological factors immediately.

Keywords


stress, physiological factors, ordinal logistic regression

Full Text:

PDF

References


Centre for the Study of Living Standards Experimental Analysis results Reason Statistical Analysis Results Reason Amylase 8 subjects representative Amylase p-value 0.000298 < 0.05 Heart Rate 7 subjects representative Heart Rate p-value 0.000298 < 0.05

JEMIS VOL. 4 NO. 2 TAHUN 2016 e-ISSN 2477-6025 DOI: 120

Productivity. (1998), Key to Economic Success Report prepared by the Centre for the Study of Living Standards for The Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency 111, Sparks Street, Suite 500 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5B5 613-233-8891 Fax 613- 233-8250. csls@csls.ca

Brenda .L. Lyon. (2012), Handbook of Stress, Coping, and Health, Chapter 1. “A Conceptual Overview”, SAGE Publications, Inc., Edited Virginia Hill Rice, Ph.D., RN. Wayne State University,

Detroit.

Lazarus, Richard Stanley & Folkman, Susan. (1984), Stress Appraisal and Coping, Springer Publishing Company.

Menze, Menyezwa, MN. (2005), The Impact of Stress on Productivity of Employees at The Education Training and Development Practices: Sector Education and Training Authority. Ph.D thesis, University of Pretoria.

Cicchetti, Dante & Cohen, Donald. (1995), Perspectives on Developmental Psychopathology, Theory and Methods, Wiley, New York.

Nortjé, G.S. (2007), “Stress in the Workplace: a case study”, Dissertation, Tshwane University of Technology.

Kunert, M.P. (2005), Stress and Adaptation, in Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health States, ed. CM Port, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia.

Yamaguchi, M., Kanemori, T., Kanemaru, M., Takai, N., Mizuno, Y., Yoshida, H. (2004), “Performance evaluation of salivary amylase activity monitor”, Biosensor and Bioelectronic, Vol. 20, pp. 491 – 497.

Kaur, S., Bhalla, P., Bajaj, S.K., Sanya, S., Babbar, R. (2013), “Effect of Physical and Mental Stress on Heart Rate Variability in Type-A and Type-B Personalities”, Academic Journal, Indian Journal of Applied Basic Medical Sciences, Vol. 15 (20), pp. 59.

Klabunde, R.E. (2007), Cardiovascular Physiology Concepts – Pulse Pressure, Retrieved 2008-10-02, Archived version 2009-10-03.

Guyton & Hall, (2005), Textbook of Medical Physiology, 7th ed., ElsevierSaunders, p. 220, ISBN 0-7216-0240-1, OCLC 213041516.

National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. (2008), Diseases and conditions index – hypotension. Retrieved 2008-09-16.

Agresti, A. (1990), Categorical Data Analysis, John Wiley and Sons Inc., Canada.

Hosmer, DW, & Lemeshow, S. (1989), Applied Logistic Regression, John Wiley and Sons Inc., Canada.

McCullagh, P. (1980), “Regression Models for Ordinal Data (with discussion)”, Journal Royal Statistic Society B, Vol. 42, pp. 109-142.

Kataoka, H., Hashiridani, K. H, Yoshida, H., Saijo, A. (1998), “Development of a skin temperature measuring system for non-contact stress evaluation”, Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Proceedings of the 20th Annual International Conference of the IEEE, Vol. 2, pp. 940 – 943.

Caro, C. G., (1978), The Mechanics of The Circulation, Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-263323-6.

Lowenstein, T.J. (1995), “Stress and Body Temperature”, http://www.cliving.org/stressandbodytemp erature.htm, [18 March 2013].

Nater, Urs M. (2005), “Human salivary alpha-amylase reactivity in a psychosocial stress paradigm”, International Journal of Psychophysiology, Vol.55, pp.333-342.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jemis.2016.004.02.2

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.